Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) for Concrete Structure Applications: A Review

ERT is steadily advancing as a valuable tool for monitoring and imaging various systems. This technology is relatively affordable and nondestructive and lacks potential hazards, making it highly promising. The applications of ERT are expanding in the inspection of concrete structure sectors. This paper outlines the steps required to address the challenges of ERT and reviews the role of AI and various algorithms in solving the limitations of existing electrical tomography. Additionally, we explored various ERT applications on concrete materials and structures: (1) crack and cavity detection, (2) moisture penetration and water ingress, (3) steel reinforcement monitoring, and (4) chloride profiling.

Advances in ERT include TL-ERT for monitoring temporal changes, integration with AI techniques for improved image resolution, and the development of macro-scale CT methods for large structures. These innovations enhance the capability of ERT to provide detailed, accurate, and actionable data for infrastructure monitoring. However, despite significant technological advancements, there are still considerable research areas in ERT that require further exploration. Future research may focus on improving the spatial resolution of ERT images, developing more efficient computational algorithms, and integrating ERT with other imaging technologies for comprehensive monitoring solutions. Key challenges include developing concrete-compatible electrodes, improving resolution, integrating ERT with other NDT techniques, and scaling up applications for large structures. Addressing these issues will expand the applicability and reliability of ERT in various fields.

In summary, ERT is a promising NDT method, particularly for concrete materials, offering detailed insights into internal infrastructures. Continued research and technological integration will enhance its effectiveness, making it a valuable tool for infrastructure monitoring and maintenance.